Congress has by statute occasionally required that certain agency actions be subject to Congressional approval or disapproval before they became effective. Several proposals have now been advanced which would apply this procedure to all substantive rules issued pursuant to the notice-and-comment procedures of 5 U.S.C. § 553 (which are not subject to 5 U.S.C. §§ 556 and 557...
Rulemaking (Recommendations)
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- Recommendation number: 77-1
- Adopted on: September 16, 1977
- Tags: Congress, Legislative Veto, Rulemaking
- Recommendation number: 76-5
- Adopted on: December 10, 1976
- Tags: E-Rulemaking, Interpretive Rules, Rulemaking
Agencies often explain their view of the meaning of statutes or rules by issuing interpretive rules of general applicability, and agencies indicate how they will exercise discretion by announcing statements of general policy. The Administrative Procedure Act requires that these interpretive rules and policy statements be published in the Federal Register. But the Act does...
- Recommendation number: 76-3
- Adopted on: June 4, 1976
- Tags: Hybrid Rulemaking, Rulemaking
The Conference’s Recommendation 72-5 stated that in rulemaking of general applicability involving substantive rules “Congress ordinarily should not impose mandatory procedural requirements other than those required by 5 U.S.C. § 553,” and that “Congress should never require trial-type procedures for resolving questions of policy or of broad or general fact.” Paragraph 5 of...
- Recommendation number: 76-2
- Adopted on: June 4, 1976
- Tags: Adjudication, Administrative Procedure Act (APA), Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Congress, Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), Interpretive Rules, Policy Statements, Publication, Rulemaking
The primary role of the Federal Register is the publication, as required by the Federal Register Act and the Administrative Procedure Act, of legal documents that affect people generally, such as descriptions of agencies’ organization and functions, texts of substantive and procedural rules, notices of proposed rulemaking, and statements of general policy or interpretations...
- Recommendation number: 75-3
- Adopted on: June 6, 1975
- Tags: Adjudication, Choice of Forum, Congress, Judicial Forum, Judicial Review, Rulemaking
This recommendation states criteria for use by the Congress in determining the appropriate forum for judicial review of federal administrative action.
The present forum for the review of most agency actions taken on formal evidentiary records is the court of appeals under specific statutory provisions. There are some exceptions. An important one...
- Recommendation number: 74-4
- Adopted on: May 31, 1974
- Tags: Judicial Review, Rulemaking
With increasing frequency, rules of general applicability adopted by agencies informally pursuant to 5 U.S.C. § 553 are being reviewed by the courts directly, before they are applied to particular persons in adjudicative proceedings. Such review may be by courts of appeals under statutes, mostly older statutes, providing generally for judicial review of orders of specific...
- Recommendation number: 74-3
- Adopted on: May 31, 1974
- Tags: Adjudication, Congress, Hearings, Mining, Public Lands, Rulemaking
Although largely unknown to lawyers outside the West, the Department of the Interior’s disposition of mining claims on public lands is a significant field of Federal administrative activity and an important element in planning rational use of the public lands.
The procedures for establishing or “locating” mining claims are set out by the General...
- Recommendation number: 74-1
- Adopted on: May 31, 1974
- Tags: Adjudication, Administrative Procedure Act (APA), Formal Adjudication, Formal Rulemaking, Hearing Officers, Rulemaking, Subpoena (Subpena)
The present recommendation implements, and somewhat expands, the statement of principle adopted by the Conference in June 1973 with respect to the American Bar Association’s Resolution No. 10 concerning proposed amendments to the Administrative Procedure Act. It speaks only to the issue of subpena authority in formal proceedings under the Administrative Procedure Act, and...
Elimination of the "Military or Foreign Affairs Function" Exemption from APA Rulemaking Requirements
- Recommendation number: 73-5
- Adopted on: December 18, 1973
- Tags: Administrative Procedure Act (APA), Congress, Foreign Affairs, Military, Rulemaking
The basic principle of the rulemaking provisions of the Administrative Procedure Act—that an opportunity for public participation fosters the fair and informed exercise of rulemaking authority—is undercut by various categorical exemptions in 5 U.S.C. § 553(a). More than 25 years’ experience with rulemaking under the APA has shown some of these broad exemptions to be neither...
- Recommendation number: 72-5
- Adopted on: December 14, 1972
- Tags: Administrative Procedure Act (APA), Congress, Rulemaking, Trial-type Procedures
The Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. § 553 (1970), provides simple, flexible and efficient procedure for rulemaking, including publication of a notice of proposed rulemaking in the Federal Register, opportunity for submission of written comments, and opportunity in the discretion of the agency for oral presentation. This notice-and-comment rulemaking procedure is...